http://www.wind-works.org/articles/Workshop.html

Wind Power Workshop by Hugh Piggott
A review by Paul Gipe
Finally, something to supplant Michael Hackleman's aging classic Wind and Windspinners. Windpower Workshop by Hugh Piggott is a welcome addition to any small wind turbine library and is a must if you want to build your own wind turbine or, as the British say, "Do It Yourself."

Windpower Workshop is a 1997 release in the Centre for Alternative Technology's series Anglicizing small wind turbine publications for a British audience. For more than twenty years CAT has been demonstrating the use of alternative technology from water power to wind turbines at their center in an abandoned slate quarry in central Wales. Windpower Workshop grew out of Hugh's lectures at CAT instructing people on how they can build their own low-cost wind machines.

The United Kingdom's foremost authority on small wind turbines, Hugh is also the author of CAT's It's a Breeze: A Guide to Choosing Windpower, as well as Scrapyard Windpower Realities. The latter, now unfortunately out of print, was a good hands-on guide to building a small wind turbine by constructing a permanent-magnet generator from a brake drum and other salvage auto parts. (Plans for the brake-drum windmill are still available directly from Hugh at Scoraig Windelectric.)

Hugh's book is a distillation of more than two decades of windpower experience most of it off-the-grid on a remote windswept peninsula in far northwestern Scotland. Many of the homes, schools, and workshops in the vicinity use windpower and Hugh has either built the turbines himself or services them.

Denizens of the electronic news group "awea.wind.home" will recognize some of Hugh's postings. One familiar discourse is his enlightening discussion of furling and furling pivot design and how this affects a turbine's performance. Some American manufacturers of small wind turbines would be well advised to read this section carefully.

I immediately liked Hugh's organization of Windpower Workshop. He's one of the few writers on wind energy that has had the guts to put a discussion of safety right up front where it counts. Hugh relates a literally hair-raising tale of an encounter between Mick Sagrillo, our own small wind turbine guru here in North America, and a whirring Jacobs generator. (Mick still can't stand the sound of velcro.)

Yanks particularly will find interesting Hugh's description of the small multi-blade micro turbines that British companies, such as Marlec, AmpAir, and LVM have developed. We haven't seen many of them yet in North America, but the durability of these rugged little machines and their low cost could offer an alternative to less robust domestic designs for off-the-grid users. There are increasing applications for these micro turbines in Europe where they have been used extensively in yachting but they are also now being found powering remote telephones and electric fences.

Some of these micro turbines, such as the Marlec, use what Hugh calls "air gap" generators. Hugh explains how these mysterious little generators work, answering questions that I've had for years.

Since I am in the process of erecting my own mini-wind turbine I found chapter 8 on towers especially useful, notably Hugh's description of the TirFor hand-operated winch. TirFor is the brand name for a grip-hoist puller or winch. There are several other brands on the market but they all pull a steel cable through the body of the winch rather than wrapping the cable around a spool. They come in a range of capacities suitable for most small wind turbine applications. Best of all, they're portable. You can carry one of these hand winches into areas where you would never get a truck or battery-operated winch.

Hugh packs his TirFor with him for trips to service wind turbines at remote Youth Hostels and railway stations in Scotland. At one of these sites you literally have to walk over the mountain on a footpath to reach the hostel and anything that Hugh can't carry gets left behind. If you have to buy any tool for your off-the-grid wind system, Hugh recommends buying the grip-hoist winch.

I've seen these grip hoists used in Denmark and I was surprised at how easy they made raising and lowering a tower with a Whisper 1500 on top. As Hugh says a grip hoist is "hard to beat for erecting tilt-up towers, because it is slow and fail-safe." Unlike using a truck or other vehicle to raise a tower, the operator of the winch has full control of the operation and there's no dependence on hand signals and the risk of missed cues or lunging.

For us here in North America there's real value in reading a book about small wind turbines by a European. We are sometimes too insular and forget that there's a big world out there. Europeans have different experiences, different wind turbines, and different ways of doing things, such as using hand-operated winches, that we can learn from. Books, such as Hugh's, can open our eyes to new possibilities.

Hugh writes in the simple, no-nonsense manner that I prefer. His illustrations are straightforward too, and he has introduced some original graphics. For example, I found his depiction of losses in a wind system both unique and informative.

Windpower Workshop includes a comprehensive list of British consultants, dealers, and manufacturers of small wind turbines, a seven-page glossary, and a useful list of equations in the appendix. What sets these formulas apart from those in other books on wind energy is their presentation. Hugh helpfully provides them in a form suitable for keying into a spreadsheet so the reader can make their own calculations. Do-It-Yourselfers will greatly appreciate that gesture.

Windpower Workshop, says Hugh, was "written for those who want to build their own windmill and for those who dream." It's books like this that keeps the dream alive.

Windpower Workshop, by Hugh Piggott, Centre for Alternative Technology Publications, May 1997, ISBN 1-898049-13-0, 158 pages, 5-1/2 by 8-1/2 inches paperback, can be ordered for UK L7.95 from CAT Publications; Machynlleth, Powys, Wales SY20 9AZ, United Kingdom; phone: +44 16 54 70 24 00; fax: +44 16 54 70 27 82; email:help@catinfor.demon.co.uk; URL: http://www.foe.co.uk./CAT.

Table of Contents
Foreword by Tim Kirby, BWEA
1. A Wild Resource
The wind: a wild resource
No free lunch
The environmental cost
How much power can you expect?
Efficiency: where does the energy go?
Design basics
Summary
2. Safety
Electrical safety
Protection against fire
Protection against shock
Battery hazards
Other responsibilities
3. Rotor design
Betz revisited
Using lift and drag
Blade design
Upwind, downwind or vertical axis
Conclusion
4. Blade Making
A word of warning
Blade weight
Blade materials
How to carve a set of rotor blades
Painting and balancing the blades
5. Generators
What to look for
How generators work
Changing the speed of generators
Types of generators
Motors used as generators
Building a permanent magnet alternator from scrap
Design hints
In conclusion
6. Mechanical Controls
Facing into the wind
Avoiding overload
Turning away from the wind
Shut down systems
7. Electrical Controls
Load control: the key to good performance
Heating systems
What batteries are best
8. Towers
Types of towers
How strong is strong enough
Erection
Hands-on tower erection
Guy materials
Anchors
Hints for safe erection of tilt-up towers
So we come to the end
Glossary
Appendix
Resource Guide
Index